2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Complement System

Complement System

Complement System

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The complement system, composed of more than 30 serum and cell surface components, is collaborating in recognition and elimination of pathogens as a part of both the innate and acquired immune systems. Once the complement system is activated, a chain of reactions involving proteolysis and assembly occurs, resulting in cleavage of the third complement component (C3). The cascade up to C3 cleavage is called the activation pathway. There are three activation pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways.

The complement cascade is a dual-edged sword, causing protection against bacterial and viral invasion by promoting phagocytosis and inflammation. Pathologically, complement can cause substantial damage to blood vessels (vasculitis), kidney basement membrane and attached endothelial and epithelial cells (nephritis), joint synovium (arthritis), and erythrocytes (hemolysis) if it is not adequately controlled.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W130878
    4-Octylphenol
    		Activator
    4-Octylphenol is a hormone disruptor that has gender-specific effects on male reproductive cells, significantly reducing the mitotic index and the number of spermatogonia. 4-Octylphenol can cause inflammatory damage to fish gills by activating the complement system through the C3a/C3aR axis and the C5a/C5aR1 axis, this leads to complement activation and causes immune suppression due to the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg)/Th17 cells, as well as inflammatory damage via the Toll-like receptor 7 (Toll-like Receptor (TLR))/IκBα/NF-κB pathway.
    4-Octylphenol
  • HY-147607
    Lanoracopan
    		Inhibitor
    Factor B-IN-5 (Example 5 target compound) is a potent complement factor B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.2 μM. Factor B-IN-5 can be used for the research of diseases related to inflammation and immunity.
    Lanoracopan
  • HY-160901
    CP-289,503
    		Inhibitor
    CP-289,503 is an inhibitor of the complement C5a receptor with an IC50 of 1 μM. C5a acts as an activator of leukocytes and phagocytes during complement system activation. The C5a receptor can bind to C5a, which can stimulate the upregulation of cell surface integrins and degranulation of inflammatory cells, leading to endothelial cell damage. C5a receptor inhibitors can block C5a signaling and inhibit a variety of inflammatory diseases.
    CP-289,503
  • HY-NP0194A
    C1q Protein (Mouse)
    C1q Protein (Mouse) is the subunit of the complement system. C1q Protein (Mouse) recognizes a variety of ligands, and is involved in maintaining immune system balance, promoting tissue repair, and defending against pathogens.
    C1q Protein (Mouse)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity